/* ============================================================
   Personal academic website
   Design system. One stylesheet, no build step, no dependencies.
   ============================================================ */

/* ---------- Fonts (self-hosted, variable) ---------- */

@font-face {
  font-family: 'Newsreader';
  src: url('../fonts/newsreader-var.woff2') format('woff2');
  font-weight: 200 800;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: 'Newsreader';
  src: url('../fonts/newsreader-italic-var.woff2') format('woff2');
  font-weight: 200 800;
  font-style: italic;
  font-display: swap;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: 'Inter';
  src: url('../fonts/inter-var.woff2') format('woff2');
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* ---------- Tokens ---------- */

:root {
  --serif: 'Newsreader', 'Iowan Old Style', Georgia, serif;
  --sans: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  /* Data/readout layer: years, counts, labels, IDs. Josh reads out screens —
     the quantitative text is set like a sequencing readout, not body copy. */
  --mono: ui-monospace, 'SF Mono', 'JetBrains Mono', Menlo, Consolas, monospace;

  /* Warm paper, near-black ink, one restrained accent. */
  --paper: #fdfcf9;
  --paper-sunk: #f6f4ee;
  --ink: #1b1a17;
  --ink-soft: #4a473f;
  --ink-mute: #6f6b61;
  --accent: #a4610f;
  --accent-soft: #c07d2a;
  --rule: rgba(27, 26, 23, 0.13);
  --rule-strong: rgba(27, 26, 23, 0.28);

  /* Fluid modular scale. */
  --step--1: clamp(0.80rem, 0.78rem + 0.10vw, 0.86rem);
  --step-0: clamp(1.00rem, 0.96rem + 0.20vw, 1.12rem);
  --step-1: clamp(1.20rem, 1.12rem + 0.38vw, 1.42rem);
  --step-2: clamp(1.50rem, 1.34rem + 0.75vw, 2.00rem);
  --step-3: clamp(1.6rem, 1.42rem + 0.9vw, 2.2rem);
  --step-4: clamp(1.95rem, 1.6rem + 1.75vw, 3.05rem);

  --measure: 66ch;
  --gutter: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  --shell: 68rem;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --paper: #14140f;
    --paper-sunk: #1b1b16;
    --ink: #eae7dd;
    --ink-soft: #b6b1a4;
    --ink-mute: #8b8679;
    --accent: #dca35c;
    --accent-soft: #e8bd83;
    --rule: rgba(234, 231, 221, 0.16);
    --rule-strong: rgba(234, 231, 221, 0.34);
  }
}

/* ---------- Reset ---------- */

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  /* Anchor targets clear the sticky nav. */
  scroll-padding-top: 6rem;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
  }
}

body {
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: var(--step-0);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  font-synthesis-weight: none;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

::selection {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--paper);
}

/* ---------- Type ---------- */

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
  letter-spacing: -0.021em;
  line-height: 1.06;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

h1 {
  font-size: var(--step-4);
  line-height: 0.99;
}

h2 {
  font-size: var(--step-3);
}

h3 {
  font-size: var(--step-1);
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

p {
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* The small tracked-out uppercase label. Used sparingly. */
.eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.eyebrow--mute {
  color: var(--ink-mute);
}

.lede {
  font-size: var(--step-1);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 54ch;
}

/* Small marker key under the Publications lede — quiet, not a headline. */
.pubs-legend {
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
}

/* Author-list markers (* equal, # co-corresponding) read as superscripts. */
.pubs__authors sup {
  font-size: 0.7em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.prose p {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}

.prose p + p {
  margin-top: 1.1em;
}

.prose em,
.serif-italic {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* ---------- Links ---------- */

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-color: var(--rule-strong);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.22em;
  transition: color 140ms ease, text-decoration-color 140ms ease;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* Standalone link with a trailing arrow. */
.arrow {
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.arrow::after {
  content: ' \2192';
  display: inline-block;
  transition: transform 160ms ease;
}

.arrow:hover::after {
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* ---------- Layout ---------- */

.shell {
  max-width: var(--shell);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
}

.skip {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
}

.skip:focus {
  left: var(--gutter);
  top: 0.75rem;
  z-index: 100;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
}

/* ---------- Nav ---------- */

.nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 82%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(1.2);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(1.2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.nav__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  padding-block: 1.05rem;
}

.nav__brand {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.24rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav__brand:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.nav__links {
  display: flex;
  gap: clamp(1.1rem, 2.4vw, 2rem);
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  list-style: none;
}

.nav__links a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding-block: 0.15rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.nav__links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.nav__links a[aria-current='page'] {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */

.hero {
  padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 9vw, 7.5rem) clamp(3rem, 7vw, 5.5rem);
}

.hero h1 {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  max-width: 20ch;
  font-weight: 450;
}

.hero .lede {
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
}

.hero__meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem 2rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 2.25rem;
}

/* ---------- Sections ---------- */

.section {
  padding-block: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

/* Label in a narrow left column, content on the right. Collapses on mobile. */
.section__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .section__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 12rem minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 3rem;
  }
  .section__grid > .eyebrow {
    padding-top: 0.55rem;
  }
}

.section h2 + .prose,
.section h2 + .list {
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
}

/* ---------- Research interests: hanging numerals ---------- */

/* Research areas are parallel, not a sequence — no numbering, just rules. */
.interests {
  list-style: none;
}

.interests li {
  padding-block: 1.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.interests li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

.interests p {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 58ch;
}

/* ---------- Publications: hanging year ---------- */

.pubs {
  list-style: none;
}

.pubs > li {
  padding-block: 1.65rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.pubs > li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 40rem) {
  .pubs > li {
    grid-template-columns: 5.5rem minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 0.35rem 1.5rem;
  }
  /* Year pinned to the left column; every other child stacks in the right one,
     however many there are. A fixed row span breaks as soon as an entry gains a
     line, such as an author-order note. */
  .pubs__year {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
  }
  .pubs > li > :not(.pubs__year) {
    grid-column: 2;
  }
}

.pubs__year {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
  padding-top: 0.45rem;
}

.pubs__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--step-1);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Title links to the paper; reads as plain text until hovered. */
.pubs__title a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pubs__title a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Countdown index above the year in the hanging column. */
.pubs__num {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.pubs__authors {
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.pubs__authors .self {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.pubs__venue {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

/* Row of small links under a publication: DOI · PDF · Code */
.pubs__links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-size: var(--step--1);
}

.pubs__links a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.pubs__links a:hover {
  border-bottom-color: currentColor;
}

/* Type badge: Research / Review / Protocol / Preprint. Neutral by default;
   preprints take the accent to flag not-yet-peer-reviewed work. */
.pubs__tag {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 0.16rem 0.45rem;
  align-self: center;
}

/* Patent / accession identifier — mono, like the rest of the data layer. */
.pubs__id {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.pubs__tag--preprint {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.pubs__tag--review,
.pubs__tag--protocol {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

/* ---------- CV ---------- */

.cv-group + .cv-group {
  margin-top: 2.75rem;
}

.cv-list {
  list-style: none;
}

.cv-list > li {
  padding-block: 1.15rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0.2rem;
}

.cv-list > li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 40rem) {
  .cv-list > li {
    grid-template-columns: 9rem minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 0.2rem 1.5rem;
  }
  .cv-list__when {
    grid-row: span 2;
  }
}

.cv-list__when {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.cv-list__what {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--step-1);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.cv-list__where {
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

/* ---------- Button ---------- */

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  padding: 0.85rem 1.4rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  transition: background 150ms ease, color 150ms ease;
}

.button:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.button--ghost {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--rule-strong);
}

.button--ghost:hover {
  color: var(--paper);
}

/* ---------- Portrait ---------- */

.portrait {
  width: clamp(7rem, 12vw, 9.5rem);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: grayscale(1);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */

.footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-sunk);
  padding-block: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  margin-top: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);
}

.footer__inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 2rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.footer__links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  list-style: none;
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.footer__links a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer__links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.footer__fine {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
}

/* Right-hand footer column: text links above a row of profile icons. */
.footer__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.05rem;
}

.footer__icons {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.15rem;
}

@media (min-width: 40rem) {
  .footer__meta {
    align-items: flex-end;
  }
}

/* ---------- Utilities ---------- */

.stack > * + * {
  margin-top: var(--stack-gap, 1rem);
}

.center-col {
  max-width: 42rem;
  margin-inline: auto;
  text-align: center;
}

/* ---------- Hero layout + screen-readout grid ----------
   On desktop the hero text sits beside a faint field of measurements — a
   pooled-screen readout, with the enriched "hits" picked out in accent along a
   rank curve. Hovering lights cells. Decorative and desktop-only, so mobile
   stays clean and nothing depends on it. */

@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .hero__layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 3.5rem;
  }
}

.hero__figure {
  display: none;
  margin: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 52rem) {
  .hero__figure {
    display: block;
  }
  .hero__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(8, 22px);
    grid-auto-rows: 22px;
    justify-content: end;
  }
  .hero__grid i {
    display: block;
    position: relative;
  }
  /* The dot is a centered pseudo-element; the full cell is the hover target,
     so the pointer glides across a continuous surface with no dead gaps. */
  .hero__grid i::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 6.5px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 26%, transparent);
    transition: background 750ms ease, transform 750ms ease;
  }
  /* The enriched hits: lit amber and larger, so the rank curve reads. */
  .hero__grid i.hit::before {
    background: var(--accent);
    transform: scale(1.35);
  }
  .hero__grid i:hover::before {
    background: var(--accent);
    transform: scale(1.6);
    transition: none;
  }
}

/* ---------- Publications type filter (CSS-only) ----------
   Radio buttons drive which entries show; no JavaScript. Default is "All".
   The countdown numerals only make sense across the whole list, so they hide
   when a single type is selected. */

.pubfilter__radio {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pubfilter__chips {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.pubfilter__chips label {
  font-size: var(--step--1);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 140ms ease, border-color 140ms ease, background 140ms ease;
}

.pubfilter__chips label:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Active chip. */
#pf-all:checked ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-all'],
#pf-selected:checked ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-selected'],
#pf-research:checked ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-research'],
#pf-review:checked ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-review'],
#pf-protocol:checked ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-protocol'],
#pf-preprint:checked ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-preprint'] {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

/* Keyboard focus ring on the corresponding chip. */
#pf-all:focus-visible ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-all'],
#pf-selected:focus-visible ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-selected'],
#pf-research:focus-visible ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-research'],
#pf-review:focus-visible ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-review'],
#pf-protocol:focus-visible ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-protocol'],
#pf-preprint:focus-visible ~ .pubfilter__chips label[for='pf-preprint'] {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Hide non-matching entries. */
#pf-selected:checked ~ .pubs > li:not([data-selected]),
#pf-research:checked ~ .pubs > li:not([data-type='research']),
#pf-review:checked ~ .pubs > li:not([data-type='review']),
#pf-protocol:checked ~ .pubs > li:not([data-type='protocol']),
#pf-preprint:checked ~ .pubs > li:not([data-type='preprint']) {
  display: none;
}

/* Re-hang the top-of-list border when the first visible item changes. */
.pubs--numbered > li:first-child {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

/* Hide the countdown numerals unless viewing everything. */
#pf-selected:checked ~ .pubs .pubs__num,
#pf-research:checked ~ .pubs .pubs__num,
#pf-review:checked ~ .pubs .pubs__num,
#pf-protocol:checked ~ .pubs .pubs__num,
#pf-preprint:checked ~ .pubs .pubs__num {
  visibility: hidden;
}

/* Small icon-only link (ORCID). Color-only hover, like the arrows. */
.icon-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--accent);
  transition: color 140ms ease;
}

.icon-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-soft);
}

/* ---------- Cross-page view transitions ----------
   Progressive enhancement: pages soft-crossfade into each other while the
   brand and the active nav underline stay anchored. Browsers without
   support (or readers preferring reduced motion) get instant navigation. */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  @view-transition {
    navigation: auto;
  }

  ::view-transition-old(root),
  ::view-transition-new(root) {
    animation-duration: 220ms;
  }

  .nav__brand {
    view-transition-name: nav-brand;
  }

  .nav__links a[aria-current='page'] {
    view-transition-name: active-nav-link;
  }
}

/* ---------- Publications page: sticky section index ----------
   Three stacked sections (Publications / Patents / Other writing) with an index
   in the left rail that tracks the one you are reading. Below 56rem the rail
   becomes a strip under the page header and each section carries its own label. */
.pubpage {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.pubpage__main > .section {
  scroll-margin-top: 4.5rem;
}

.secnav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem 1.4rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.secnav__link {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 140ms ease;
}

.secnav__link:hover,
.secnav__link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.secnav__link.is-current {
  color: var(--ink);
}

@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .pubpage {
    grid-template-columns: 12rem minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 3rem;
  }
  .pubpage__aside {
    padding-top: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);
  }
  .secnav {
    position: sticky;
    top: 5.5rem;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }
  .secnav__link {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 0.95rem;
  }
  .secnav__link::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0.44em;
    width: 5px;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--rule-strong);
    transition: background 140ms ease;
  }
  .secnav__link.is-current::before {
    background: var(--accent);
  }
  /* The rail labels the sections on desktop, so the in-section label is redundant. */
  .section__label {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Author-order footnote under a publication's author list, e.g. when co-first
   authors are listed alphabetically. Subtle, but not decoration: it changes how
   the paper should be cited. */
.pubs__note {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink-mute);
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

.pubs__note sup {
  font-size: 0.8em;
  font-weight: 500;
}